The Fortified City Of Carcassonne, France

Nestled in the picturesque region of Occitanie in southern France lies the captivating fortified city of Carcassonne. With its rich medieval heritage and UNESCO World Heritage status, Carcassonne offers a remarkable day trip for history enthusiasts and wanderers alike.

This article aims to guide you through the wonders of Carcassonne while keeping sustainable travel practices in mind. From eco-friendly transportation options to conscious choices in exploring the city, let’s embark on a journey that not only celebrates the past but also respects the present and future.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Dating back to the Gallo-Roman period, Carcassonne is a symbol of architectural excellence and cultural significance. Its stunning fortifications, including ramparts, towers, and narrow cobblestone streets, transport visitors to a bygone era of knights and kings. Recognizing its exceptional value, Carcassonne was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1997, solidifying its status as a treasure of global importance.

Carcassonne’s striking architecture and historical charm have attracted filmmakers from around the world. Several films, such as “Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves” (1991), “Labyrinth” (2012), and “The Visitors” (1993). These films not only highlight Carcassonne’s architectural splendor but also contribute to its global recognition as a significant historical site. As you explore the city, you may recognize certain spots from these cinematic works, adding an extra layer of appreciation to your visit.

A Brief History of Carcassonne

Carcassonne boasts a fascinating history that spans thousands of years. The city’s origins can be traced back to the Gallo-Roman period when a fortified settlement was established on the hilltop overlooking the surrounding landscape. Over the centuries, Carcassonne evolved and expanded, eventually becoming a strategic stronghold during the medieval era.

In the 12th century, Carcassonne played a crucial role in the conflict between the Cathars, a religious group that challenged the established Catholic Church, and the forces of the French monarchy. The city became a symbol of resistance against the Crusaders and withstood a long siege before finally falling under French control. It was during this time that the impressive fortifications and ramparts that we see today were constructed.

In the subsequent centuries, Carcassonne’s significance diminished, and the city fell into disrepair. However, in the 19th century, an ambitious restoration project led by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc brought Carcassonne back to life. The meticulous restoration work revived the medieval splendor of the city, transforming it into a magnificent and iconic symbol of the Middle Ages. Today, Carcassonne stands as a testament to its rich past, attracting visitors from around the world who are captivated by its historical charm and architectural grandeur.

Why is Sustainable Travel Important for Carcassonne?

Sustainable travel is of utmost importance for Carcassonne to preserve its cultural and natural heritage for future generations. As a UNESCO World Heritage site and a city steeped in history, Carcassonne faces the challenge of balancing tourism and preservation. Sustainable travel practices help minimize the negative impacts of tourism and ensure the long-term viability of the city’s treasures.

By adopting sustainable travel measures, Carcassonne can protect its architectural wonders from excessive wear and tear. Sustainable tourism practices promote responsible visitor behavior, encouraging tourists to respect the delicate balance between exploration and preservation. This includes following designated paths, refraining from littering, and respecting the cultural significance of the sites.

Additionally, sustainable travel contributes to the well-being of the local community. By supporting local businesses, such as eco-friendly accommodations, restaurants, and shops, tourists can help stimulate the local economy and ensure that the benefits of tourism reach the residents of Carcassonne.

Sustainable travel also encourages the conservation of the surrounding natural environment, such as the scenic landscapes, rivers, and vineyards, which are integral to the overall appeal of the region.

Ultimately, sustainable travel in Carcassonne ensures that future generations can continue to enjoy and appreciate the city’s historical treasures while preserving the authenticity and integrity of its cultural and natural heritage. By being mindful of our impact as visitors and making sustainable choices, we can contribute to the long-term sustainability and preservation of Carcassonne for years to come.

Related article: 5 Reasons Why Responsible Travel Matters

How to be a responsible traveler in Carcassonne?

Opt for Eco-friendly Transportation:

Consider walking or cycling to the Citadel instead of using motorized vehicles. This reduces carbon emissions and allows you to experience the charm of the city at a leisurely pace. If you’re staying outside the Citadel, use public transportation or choose eco-friendly transportation options like electric bikes or buses.

Respect the Historic Site:

When exploring the Citadel, follow designated paths and respect the rules and regulations in place to protect the historical structures. Refrain from touching or climbing on the walls or other historical artifacts. By treating the site with care, you contribute to its preservation for future generations to enjoy.

Support Local and Sustainable Businesses:

Choose to dine at restaurants and cafés within the Citadel that prioritize locally sourced and organic ingredients. This supports the local economy and reduces the environmental impact associated with long-distance food transportation.

Minimize Waste:

Bring a reusable water bottle and refill it at designated water fountains or cafes instead of purchasing single-use plastic bottles. Dispose of waste responsibly in designated recycling and waste bins to keep the Citadel clean and minimize environmental impact.

Related article: 10 Zero Waste Travel Guide

Learn and Appreciate the Heritage:

Take the time to learn about the history and significance of the Citadel through guided tours, information boards, or audio guides. This allows you to appreciate the cultural heritage of Carcassonne and understand the importance of its preservation.

Things to do in Carcassonne

When visiting Carcassonne, there are several must-see attractions and activities that allow you to fully immerse yourself in the city’s rich history and charm. 

1. Explore the Citadel:

3. Discover the Basilica of Saint-Nazaire and Celsus

Nestled within the Citadel, the Basilica of Saint-Nazaire and Celsus is an architectural gem that captivates visitors with its striking Gothic design. As you approach the basilica, be prepared to be enthralled by its towering spires and intricate façade adorned with delicate stone carvings. Step inside to discover a world of awe-inspiring beauty.

Basilica of Saint Nazaire Another built between the 12th and 13th centuries. Saint-Nazaire acted as the cathedral of Carcassonne until 1801, the year in which the bishop’s seat was moved to the Lower City. The oldest parts of the church are in the Romanesque style, although most of the complex is in the Gothic style (end of the 13th century) and its current brand new appearance owes much to the great restoration of the 19th century.

Immerse yourself in the serene atmosphere as sunlight filters through the magnificent stained glass windows, casting vibrant hues across the interior. The intricate craftsmanship of these windows tells stories from biblical and historical events, creating a mesmerizing play of light and color. Admire the impressive vaulted ceilings that seem to reach towards the heavens, while your eyes are drawn to the ornate details of the chapels and altars that adorn the space.

5. Take a Boat Trip on the Canal du Midi

Escape the confines of the city walls and embark on a delightful boat trip along the Canal du Midi. Soak up the tranquility of this historic waterway as you leisurely cruise through the countryside, surrounded by scenic landscapes and charming villages.

As you board the boat, you’ll instantly be captivated by the peaceful ambiance that envelopes the canal. Relax on the deck and soak in the serene atmosphere while the gentle rhythm of the water carries you along. Admire the graceful arches of the canal’s iconic bridges and marvel at the ingenious engineering of the locks that enable the smooth navigation of the boats.

Throughout the journey, you’ll be treated to breathtaking vistas of vineyards, lush greenery, and quaint waterside villages. Watch as the sunlight dances on the tranquil waters, creating a captivating interplay of light and shadow. Keep an eye out for wildlife that call the canal home, from graceful swans gliding by to colorful birds perched on the branches of overhanging trees.

More information : Rent your boat here

6. Wander the Medieval Streets

Step into the enchanting world of Carcassonne’s old town and meander through its narrow, winding streets. Allow yourself to get lost in the labyrinthine alleys and immerse yourself in the medieval ambiance that permeates every corner.

As you stroll along the cobbled pathways, you’ll come across charming shops, boutiques, and artisanal craft stores. Take the time to browse through their unique offerings, from handmade jewelry to local artworks and souvenirs. Indulge your senses as you explore the delightful aromas wafting from the bakeries and patisseries, tempting you with freshly baked treats.

Don’t miss the opportunity to visit the Camino de Ronta, a romantic pathway that winds its way along the outer edge of the Citadel’s walls. This scenic route offers breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside and provides a tranquil setting for a leisurely stroll. Admire the architectural details of the ancient gates that punctuate the fortifications, such as the Narbonne Gate, with its impressive towers and intricate stonework.

Perhaps also pause for a moment at the Pont Vieux, an iconic bridge that spans the Aude River. From here, you can take in panoramic vistas of the fortified city and the tranquil waters below. Feel the history come alive as you walk in the footsteps of countless generations who have traversed these streets over centuries.

7. Experience Local Markets in Carcassonne

Carcassonne offers open-air and street markets where you can immerse yourself in the local flavors and vibrant atmosphere.

Place Carnot Market:

Located in the heart of Carcassonne, Place Carnot hosts a lively market every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday morning. This bustling market is a hub of activity, offering a wide array of fresh produce, regional delicacies, cheeses, meats, flowers, and more. Stroll through the colorful stalls, engage with friendly vendors, and soak up the vibrant atmosphere as you discover the local ingredients that make up the rich gastronomy of the region.

Halles Prosper-Montagné

For a truly immersive culinary experience, head to the Halles Prosper-Montagné, an indoor market situated just outside the Citadel walls. Open daily, this covered market is a haven for food lovers, showcasing an enticing selection of local and seasonal products. From fresh seafood and gourmet cheeses to aromatic spices and artisanal specialties, you’ll find an abundance of culinary delights to tantalize your taste buds.

Boulevard Commandant Roumens

Experience the charm of Carcassonne’s vibrant market held every Saturday morning. This market is a treasure trove of delights, offering an array of organic, locally sourced fruits and vegetables. You’ll also find a tempting assortment of cheeses, sausages, and even fashionable clothing items to peruse. The market creates a convivial ambiance, providing an opportunity to connect with local market gardeners and appreciate the quality products they offer. 

8.  Enjoy Local Cuisine and Wine Tasting

Indulge in the flavors of Carcassonne by trying traditional dishes that are from local and organic sources. 

Le 104 : Traditional homemade cuisine, made mainly from products from organic farming, in a warm setting in the heart of the Bastide. 

Restaurant La Marquière: A charming restaurant in the heart of the medieval city, Restaurant La Marquière is a hidden gem with exquisite French cuisine and selection of regional wines. The chef prefers to use organic products and dishes are very generous and indulgent

La Cantine du Curé – Caunes-Minervois: A delightful, vibrant and fun wine bar in the heart of medieval Caunes-Minervois. Offering an ever-changing selection of tapas-style small plates in their shaded outdoor space, it is open every day and evening in summer. The extensive wine list shows the very best of local organic, biodynamic and minimal intervention producers dotted with gems from further afield at very reasonable prices.

9. Explore The lower Town of Carcassonne

10. Explore the Surrounding Region

Carcassonne region is also renowned for its vineyards, castles, and charming towns. To enhance your visit, consider taking day trips to nearby destinations like Minerve, Narbonne, or the Cathar castles. These excursions will provide a deeper understanding of the region’s rich history and diverse landscapes.

The Réserve Africaine de Sigean

One must-visit destination, particularly for families with children, is the Réserve Africaine de Sigean. Located within a reasonable distance from Carcassonne, this wildlife reserve offers an unforgettable safari experience. You can observe a variety of African animals in their natural habitats, allowing for incredible encounters and the opportunity to create lasting memories.

Lac de la Cavayère

Lac de la Cavayère is a lake located just 5 kilometers from the center of Carcassonne. It offers a tranquil retreat amidst nature, with opportunities for swimming, water sports, and leisurely walks along its shores.

Narbonne

Located just a short distance away, Narbonne offers a unique blend of history, culture, and Mediterranean charm. The city is known for its well-preserved Roman ruins, including the Horreum, an underground warehouse, and the Via Domitia, an ancient Roman road. The stunning Narbonne Cathedral, with its Gothic architecture and impressive interior, is another must-see attraction.

In addition to its historical sites, Narbonne boasts a vibrant market scene, with Les Halles market being a highlight for food lovers. You can sample local produce, wines, and regional specialties while immersing yourself in the lively atmosphere. The city also offers beautiful sandy beaches nearby, making it a perfect destination for a combination of cultural exploration and seaside relaxation.

Caunes-Minervois

Located approximately 25 kilometers northeast of Carcassonne, Caunes-Minervois is a charming village nestled in the Minervois wine region. It is renowned for its historical significance, architectural beauty, and local craftsmanship.

One of the highlights of Caunes-Minervois is its magnificent Abbey of Saint-Pierre. This medieval abbey is a masterpiece of Romanesque architecture and features intricate carvings, beautiful stained glass windows, and a serene cloister. Exploring the abbey and its surroundings offers a glimpse into the village’s rich religious and cultural heritage. 

General Information

How to Get to Carcassonne

Carcassonne is easily accessible by car, and if you don’t have your own vehicle, the nearest international airport is in Toulouse. While there is an airport in Carcassonne, it primarily serves a limited number of private air companies.

Another convenient option is traveling by train. You can reach Carcassonne from cities like Narbonne, Toulouse, or Montpellier. However, if you’re coming from Barcelona, there is no direct train available, so I recommend checking the Omio website for alternative transportation options that best suit your needs.

Barcelona – Carcassonne by bus 30€
Montpellier – Carcassonne by train 16€
Narbonne – Carcassonne by train 9€

Please note that these prices are approximate and subject to change, so it’s always a good idea to check for the most up-to-date information and availability when planning your journey to Carcassonne.

Best time to Visit Carcassonne

Carcassonne open 24 hours a day, every day. 

To avoid crowds while still experiencing the best of Carcassonne, it’s recommended to plan your visit during the shoulder seasons: spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October). During these months, the weather is generally pleasant, and tourist numbers are relatively lower compared to the peak summer season. Here’s why these seasons are ideal:

Spring (April to June):

• • Mild temperatures and blooming landscapes create a picturesque setting.
  • The city is less crowded, allowing you to explore the Citadel and its attractions at a more leisurely pace.
  • Accommodation and flight prices are generally lower compared to the peak summer season.
  • Local events and festivals, such as the Festival de Carcassonne, often take place during this time, adding to the cultural experience.

Autumn (September to October):

• • The weather remains pleasant with cooler temperatures and milder crowds.
  • The changing colors of the surrounding vineyards and countryside offer a stunning backdrops.
  • It’s harvest season in the nearby vineyards, providing opportunities for wine tastings and tours.
  • Hotel rates and tourist services are often more affordable compared to the summer months.

To further avoid crowds, it’s advisable to visit Carcassonne on weekdays rather than weekends, as weekends tend to attract more visitors. Additionally, arriving early in the morning or later in the afternoon can enhance your experience by allowing you to explore the city during quieter hours.

Remember to check the local event calendar and be aware of any major holidays or festivals that may draw larger crowds. By planning your visit during the shoulder seasons and considering these additional tips, you can enjoy the best of Carcassonne while avoiding the hustle and bustle of peak tourist periods.

How Much Time Do You Need in Carcassonne?

The amount of time you should allocate for your visit to Carcassonne depends on your interests and the depth of exploration you desire. However, to fully appreciate the beauty and historical significance of the fortified city, it is recommended to spend at least one full day in Carcassonne. With a day, you can enjoy the enchanting atmosphere of the Citadel, explore its narrow streets, and discover its historical landmarks.

If you have more time available, consider extending your stay to two or three days to further explore the region. This will allow you to venture beyond the Citadel and discover the natural beauty of the surrounding area. You can take a boat trip along the nearby Canal du Midi, visit local vineyards for wine tastings, or explore the charming towns and villages in the vicinity.

Green Hotels in Carcassone, France

Hôtel du Château “Cité Médiévale de Carcassonne”

Hotel du Chateau is a 4-star eco-friendly hotel located in close proximity to the medieval fortress in Carcassonne. With its certification in sustainable practices, the hotel is committed to minimizing its environmental impact. The hotel incorporates a range of eco-friendly initiatives, including the use of energy-efficient lighting throughout the premises. By implementing measures to reduce waste, Hotel du Chateau strives to contribute to a more sustainable future. Additionally, the hotel employs environmentally friendly cleaning products, further emphasizing their commitment to eco-consciousness. With its convenient location and dedication to sustainability, Hotel du Chateau offers guests a comfortable and environmentally responsible stay in Carcassonne.

One notable feature of the hotel is its proximity to the medieval fortress. Guests can easily access and explore the historic site, immersing themselves in the rich history and architectural beauty of Carcassonne. The hotel’s location provides convenient access to the main attractions of the city, allowing guests to make the most of their visit.

Hotel du Chateau also prides itself on its exceptional service. The staff is friendly, professional, and attentive, ensuring that guests have a memorable and enjoyable experience. Whether it’s providing local recommendations, arranging transportation, or assisting with any inquiries, the hotel staff is dedicated to ensuring guests’ needs are met.

Hôtel Montmorency & Spa

Hôtel Montmorency & Spa is a charming 3-star hotel located within the historic walls of the Citadel in Carcassonne. It offers a unique and authentic experience, immersing guests in the medieval ambiance of the city. The hotel is not only known for its exceptional service and comfortable accommodations but also for its commitment to sustainable tourism practices.

At Hôtel Montmorency, sustainability is at the core of their operations. The hotel has implemented various measures to minimize its environmental impact and promote eco-friendly practices. Energy-saving systems are in place throughout the property, including efficient lighting and climate control, to reduce energy consumption. Water conservation practices are also emphasized, such as the use of water-efficient fixtures and recycling systems.

In addition, Hôtel Montmorency takes pride in offering a restaurant that embraces organic and local products. Guests can indulge in delicious meals made from fresh, seasonal ingredients sourced from nearby farms and producers. This not only supports the local economy but also reduces the carbon footprint associated with food transportation.

Moreover, the hotel’s commitment to sustainability extends to its spa facilities. Guests can enjoy a range of wellness treatments using natural and eco-friendly products. From relaxing massages to rejuvenating facials, the spa offers a serene sanctuary where guests can unwind and revitalize.

The Best Western Hôtel Le Donjon

The Best Western Hôtel Le Donjon is a prestigious four-star hotel located in the heart of Carcassonne. As an eco-certified hotel, Hôtel Le Donjon goes above and beyond to ensure that guests can enjoy a comfortable stay while minimizing their environmental impact.

The hotel has implemented a range of energy-efficient measures to reduce its energy consumption. This includes the use of energy-saving lighting systems, motion sensors to control lights in common areas, and the installation of efficient heating and cooling systems. These efforts not only contribute to a more sustainable operation but also provide a pleasant and eco-conscious environment for guests.

Waste reduction and recycling programs are also integral to the hotel’s sustainability initiatives. Hôtel Le Donjon emphasizes the importance of waste separation and recycling throughout the property, ensuring that materials such as paper, glass, and plastic are properly disposed of and recycled. By actively promoting recycling, the hotel aims to minimize its waste footprint and promote a circular economy.

Furthermore, Hôtel Le Donjon encourages eco-friendly transportation options. Guests are provided with information about public transportation services, bike rentals, and walking routes to explore the city in a sustainable manner. By reducing the reliance on private cars and promoting alternative modes of transportation, the hotel contributes to the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and preserving the local environment.